Full Text Searchable PDF User Manual
Assembly
and
Operations
Manual
Z10000 U
Broadband
Buffer
Amplifier
Version
3.3
/
03
April
2009
7236
Clifton
Road
Clifton
Virginia
20124
Telephone:
(703)
8300368
Fax:
(703)
8300711
http://www.cliftonlaboratories.com
Assembly
and
Operations
Manual
Z10000U
Version
3.3
April
2009
(c)
2006,
2008,
2009
Jack
R.
Smith
d/b/a/
Clifton
Laboratories.
Last
Revised
03
April
2009
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
1
1
Introduction
and
Specifications
Introduction
Clifton
Laboratories’
Z10000
IF
sampler
buffer
amplifier
is
available
in
two
versions:
•
Z10000 K2
modeloptimized
to
be
used
with
an
Elecraft
K2
transceiver,
with
bandpass
response
shaping
for
a
4915
KHz
IF;
•
Z10000 U
or
“Universal”
modelsame
PCB
as
the
Z10000 K2,
but
with
a
flat
frequency
response.
The
Z10000 U
is
broadband
and
is
suitable
to
use
with
Elecraft’s
K3
transceiver
for
additional
isolation
and/or
gain
from
the
8215
KHz
IF
output
port.
This
manual
covers
the
U
version.
1.1
Specifications
Parameter
Specification
Physical
size
Approx
1.4”
(35
mm)
x 1.25”
(32
mm).
Height
approx
0.2”
(5
mm)
plus
clearance
for
wiring.
Mounting
hole:
clearance
for
4 40
machine
screw.
Power
Requirements
+12V
at
approx
20
mA.
On
board
regulator
permits
operation
with
24V
maximum
supply
voltage.
Connectors
None.
Direct
wire
(coaxial
cable)
connection
via
solder
pads.
User
may
install
headers
(0.1”)
spacing
if
so
desired.
Gain
User
settable
via
programming
resistor.
Output
Impedance
50
ohms;
short
circuit
protected.
Active
Devices
78L09
voltage
regulator
AD8007
amplifier
Reverse
Isolation
Typically
100
dB
at
4.915
MHz;
depends
on
cable
routing
as
stray
coupling
becomes
important
at
this
level
of
isolation.
Less
isolation
at
higher
frequencies.
See
Section
1.3.3.
Harmonic
Distortion
(2
nd
and
3
rd
harmonic)
Typically
80
dB
below
carrier;
depends
on
gain
setting
and
input
level
3
rd
order
intermodulation
distortion
Typically
70
dB
below
output
for
signal
levels
found
in
receiver
input
stages.
IP3
depends
on
gain
setting
and
frequency,
typically
+30
dBm.
Input
Signal
Level
DC
not
to
exceed
25
volts;
AC
input
level
depends
on
gain
setting;
typically
used
with
a
less
than
100
mV
PP
input.
Bandwidth
Depends
on
gain.
If
set
for
+6
dB
net
gain,
usable
bandwidth
>
100
MHz.
(See
typical
performance
plot)
Low
frequency
response
extends
to
below
50
KHz.
Input
Impedance
Depends
on
frequency
and
attachment
technique.
Greater
than
1.5
K
ohm
to
10
MHz,
(See
typical
performance
plot)
Gain
Depends
on
R907
value.
Typical
maximum
gain
at
5
MHz
is
+14
dB,
typical
minimum
gain
is
4
dB
1.3
Typical
Performance
Measurements
The
data
presented
is
for
one
Z10000
amplifier
equipped
with
connectors
for
easier
testing,
set
for
net
10
dB
gain
(nominal
).
R905
=
4.7K
and
R907
=
95.3
ohms.
A
49.9
ohm
surface
mount
resistor
was
installed
across
the
test
amplifier’s
input
to
provide
for
50
ohm
nominal
input
impedance.
1
It
is
possible
to
extend
the
Z10000’s
low
frequency
response
to
3
KHz
by
replacing
all
0.22µF
capacitors
with
1.0µF.
The
Z10000 U
used
in
the
test
data
presented
has
this
modification.
2
The
theoretical
gain
for
the
tested
configuration
is
9.9
dB,
representing
15.9
dB
amplifier
gain,
followed
by
6
dB
loss
resulting
from
the
series
49.9
ohm
output
series
resistance.
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
2
1.3.1
Frequency
Response
and
Gain
At
5
MHz,
the
sample
unit’s
measured
gain
is
9.78
dB,
0.12
dB
less
than
theoretically
predicted.
The
3
dB
bandwidth
extends
from
3
KHz
to
174
MHz.
1.3.2
Input
Impedance
The
buffer
amplifier’s
input
impedance
is
dominated
by
two
elements;
the
bias
isolation
resistor
(4.7
K
Ω
in
the
Z10000 U’s
normal
configuration)
and
shunt
capacitance
from
the
PCB
traces,
connecting
wires
to
the
amplifier
and
the
amplifier’s
input
capacitance.
The
measured
data
presented
at
the
right
should
be
considered
as
representative
of
a
Z10000 U
amplifier
with
short
(a
two
inches
/
50
mm)
coaxial
cable
input
leads.
1.3.3
Reverse
Isolation
The
buffer
amplifier’s
reverse
isolation
is
a
function
of
frequency,
as
illustrated
in
the
amplifier
measurements
presented
at
the
right.
At
8
MHz,
the
measured
sample
exhibited
115
dB
reverse
isolation.
Reverse
isolation
is
also
affected
by
how
the
amplifier
is
housed,
lead
dress,
shielding,
etc.
Accordingly,
the
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
3
isolation
illustrated
at
the
right
may
not
be
achieved
in
every
instance.
1.3.4
Intermodulation
Performance
The
illustration
at
the
right
shows
the
output
of
the
test
unit
with
two
equal
signals
(9900
KHz
and
10100
KHz)
of
10
dBm
applied
to
the
amplifier
input.
The
amplifier
output
is
0
dBm
(a
3
dB
attenuator
is
applied
ahead
of
the
spectrum
analyzer
in
this
plot.)
The
third
order
intermodulation
product
is
71.8
dBm
down
from
either
tone.
With
an
output
based
reference,
therefore,
the
IP3
is
thus
+35.9
dBm.
2
Schematic
and
Circuit
Description
2.1
Schematic
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
4
2.2
Theory
of
Operation
2.2.1
Power
Supply.
The
AD8007
amplifier
is
rated
at
an
absolute
maximum
operating
voltage
of
12V.
In
order
to
provide
a
safety
margin,
and
to
decouple
the
amplifier
from
the
power
supply,
U902,
a
three terminal
fixed
regulator,
provides
a
source
of
stable
+9V
to
U901.
C907
and
C908
provide
additional
decoupling.
U901,
the
AD8007
amplifier,
obtains
its
power
via
the
RC
decoupling
network
comprised
of
R902,
C902
and
C906.
Since
the
circuit
operates
from
a
single
positive
power
supply,
it
is
necessary
to
bias
U901’s
input
to
approximately
V/2.
This
is
accomplished
by
the
2:1
voltage
divider
chain
of
R902/R903.
C903
bypasses
the
V/2
reference
voltage;
whilst
R905
increases
U901’s
input
impedance
by
isolating
C903’s
RF
ground.
R905’s
maximum
value
is
determined
by
the
U901’s
input
bias
current
on
the
positive
pin,
specified
by
Analog
Devices
as
8
μ
A.
For
4.7
K
Ω
,
this
bias
current
represents
an
IR
drop
of
38
mV.
With
a
DC
gain
of
4,
the
corresponding
output
DC
offset
will
be
about
150
mV.
If
absolutely
necessary
for
high
input
impedance,
R905
may
be
substituted
with
a
higher
value
resistor,
up
to
approximately
22
K
Ω
.
However,
at
frequencies
above
a
few
MHz,
the
input
impedance
is
dominated
by
shunt
capacitance;
increasing
R905
should
be
done
only
with
an
understanding
of
all
the
factors
affecting
the
input
impedance.
2.2.2
Amplifier
U901,
an
Analog
Devices
AD8007,
is
a
high
performance,
low
noise
current
feedback
amplifier,
with
a
gain bandwidth
product
exceeding
650
MHz.
A
current
feedback
amplifier
is
also
known
as
a
“transimpedance”
amplifier.
Analog
Devices
describes
how
a
current
feedback
amplifier
works:
First,
the
negative
input
of
a
CFA
responds
to
current;
the
output
voltage
is
proportional
to
that
current,
hence
transimpedance
(V(out)
=
Z(t)
I(in))
.
Instead
of
keeping
the
negative
input
current
small
by
maintaining
high
input
impedance,
and
using
feed back
and
voltage
gain
to
keep
the
input
voltage
difference
small,
the
CFA
keeps
the
voltage
difference
small
by
virtue
of
its
low
input
impedance
(like
looking
back
into
a
low offset
emitter
follower);
and
it
keeps
its
net
input
current
small
dynamically
by
feedback
from
the
output.
When
an
ideal
CFA
is
driven
at
the
high impedance
positive
input,
the
negative
input,
with
its
low
impedance,
follows
closely
in
voltage;
and
the
high
gain
for
error
current
and
the
negative
feedback
through
Rf
require
that
the
currents
through
Rf
and
Rin
be
equal;
hence
V(out)
=
V(in)[R(f)/R(in)
+
1],
just
like
for
voltage feedback
amplifiers.
A
major
difference
is
that
the
slew
rate
can
be
quite
high,
because
large
transient
currents
can
flow
in
the
input
stage
to
handle
rapid
changes
in
voltage
across
the
compensating
capacitor(s).
Also,
the
low
impedance
at
the
negative
input
means
that
stray
input
capacitance
will
not
substantially
affect
the
amplifier's
bandwidth.
U901’s
gain
(in
dB)
is
determined
by
the
ratio
of
resistors
R906
and
R907:
3
Clifton
Laboratories
will
provide
interested
Z10000
owners
with
the
LTSpice
model
of
the
AD8007
and
an
LTSpice
model
of
the
amplifier
circuits
upon
request.
SPICE
modeling
will
allow
the
user
to
determine
the
effects
of
component
changes
with
a
reasonable
degree
of
accuracy.
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
5
907
907
906
log
20
10
R
R
R
Gain
+
=
R908,
49.9
Ω
,
allows
U901
to
drive
capacitive
loads,
such
as
coaxial
cable
and
also
protects
U901
against
operation
into
short
circuits.
However,
the
voltage
divider
effect
of
R908,
which
is
in
series
with
the
load,
reduces
the
net
available
gain
into
a
50
ohm
load
by
6
dB.
2.2.3
Gain
Setting
in
the
Z10000U
Buffer
Amplifier
To
vary
buffer
amplifier’s
gain,
select
R907
using
the
following
table.
Net
Gain
(net
of
R908
series
resistance)
R907
+15
dB
49.9
Ω
+10
dB
100
Ω
+6.7
dB
150
Ω
+4.3
dB
221
Ω
0
dB
499
Ω
2.5
dB
1000
Ω
3.5
dB
1500
Ω
4.2
dB
2200
Ω
R906
and
R901
should
not
be
varied
from
their
design
values
without
a
thorough
analysis
of
the
circuit.
2.2.4
Values
to
use
with
Elecraft
K3
Transceiver
When
using
a
Z10000 U
with
an
Elecraft
K3
transceiver
to
provide
additional
gain
and
isolation
over
that
provided
with
the
K3’s
standard
IF
output
port,
the
following
component
values
should
be
used:
If
you
have
not
made
modifications
to
the
K3’s
IF
sample
circuitry,
the
K3
will
exhibit
about
15
dB
net
transfer
loss
between
the
antenna
port
and
the
IF
output
port
when
measured
with
the
K3’s
preamplifier
off
and
with
a
50
ohm
instrument
on
the
IF
port.
In
order
to
bring
the
transfer
gain
to
0
dB,
build
the
Z10000
for
10
db
nominal
gain.
(Approximately
6
dB
gain
will
be
added
due
to
the
Z10000’s
high
input
impedance,
thereby
netting
out
at
16
dB
transfer
gain.)
R905:
4K7
Ω
R907:
100R
Ω
If
you
have
made
the
modification
to
the
K3’s
IF
sample
circuit
described
by
Larry,
N8LP,
at
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LP PAN/files/K3_Buffer_Mod/
the
K3’s
transfer
gain
will
be
increased
to
6
dB
loss,
an
improvement
of
9
dB
from
the
unmodified
case.
In
this
event,
you
will
wish
to
build
the
Z10000
for
0
dB
nominal
gain.
R905:
4K7
Ω
R907:
499R
Ω
The
Z10000
kit
includes
extra
resistors
with
these
values.
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
6
3
Parts
List
The
Z10000 U
parts
are
packaged
in
a
several
small
envelopes.
•
Resistors.
•
Capacitors
•
Printed
circuit
board
•
Semiconductors
(AD8007
and
78L09)
When
working
with
capacitors
particularly,
do
not
removed
the
individual
parts
from
their
color
coded
packaging
until
you
are
ready
to
use
the
component,
as
their
values
are
not
marked
on
the
part
and
cannot
normally
be
visually
distinguished.
Hence,
if
you
mix
up
the
capacitors,
you
will
have
to
measure
their
values
with
a
capacitance
meter.
Also,
do
not
confuse
100
ohm
1%
resistors
(identified
as
1000)
with
1.0K
ohm
1%
parts,
identified
as
1001.
Note
that
the
schematic
identifies
parts
with
the
multiplier
as
the
“decimal”
point.
For
example
a
1K
ohm
resistor
is
identified
as
a
1K0,
and
a
49.9
ohm
resistor
as
49R9.
Typical
Photo
Designation
Value
Marking
Qty
C901
0u1
Not
marked
1
C902
0u01
Not
marked
1
C903
0u1
Not
marked
1
C904
0u22
Not
marked
1
C906
1u0
Not
marked
1
C907
0u1
Not
marked
1
C908
0u1
Not
marked
1
R901
200R
2000
1
R902
10R
10R0
1
R903
1K0
1001
1
R904
1K0
1001
1
R905
4K0
4701
1
R906
499R
4990
1
R908
49R9
49R9
1
L901
Zero
ohm
jumper
000
1
L902
Zero
ohm
jumper
000
1
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
7
Typical
Photo
Designation
Value
Marking
Qty
U901
AD8007
AD8007ARZ
1
U902
LM78L09
KA78L09AZ
1
Gain
Setting
Parts
See
manual
Section
2.2.3
and
2.2.4
to
determine
proper
value
Optional
Resistor
Supplied
R905
2K2
2201
1
R905
1K1
1101
1
R907
49R9
49R9
1
R907
100R
1000
1
R907
150R
1500
1
R907
220R
2200
1
R907
499R
4990
1
R907
1K0
1001
1
R907
1K5
1501
1
R907
2K2
2201
1
Z10000 08
Printed
circuit
board
1
Multiple
part
values
are
provided
for
R905
and
R907,
to
be
selected
by
the
builder
as
discussed
in
at
Section
2.2.3
and
2.2.4.
Printed
instructions
are
not
supplied;
this
manual
is
to
be
downloaded
from
the
Clifton
Laboratories
web
site.
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
8
4
Assembly
4.1
Orientation
Locate
the
appropriate
PCB
and
orient
yourself
with
the
board.
Identify
the
top
and
bottom.
The
top
has
silk
screening
as
well
as
solder
masking.
The
photograph
shows
an
earlier
version
of
the
PCB.
Later
PCBs
correct
the
silk
screen
error
identifying
R907
as
R807,
and
slightly
rearrange
other
silk
screen
legends.
In
addition,
production
circuit
boards
may
be
slightly
smaller
than
in
the
photographs.
The
bottom
PCB
surface
is
solder
masked
but
not
silk
screened.
Please
use
the
following
annotated
photograph
for
parts
placement.
000
Op
e
n
O
pen
C
908
C907
C
902
C
906
OU
T
P
U
T
IN
P
U
T
+12V
Bottom
View
Open
000
Three
capacitors,
shown
as
“Open”
in
the
photograph
are
not
used
in
the
U
version
and
hence
these
pads
are
unused.
The
two
areas
marked
“000”
show
the
location
of
the
two
0
ohm
jumpers.
The
board
shown
uses
plug in
headers
for
test
purposes.
Your
board
will
normally
use
direct
wire
connections
to
the
power,
input
and
output
pads,
although
you
are,
of
course,
free
to
use
header
pins
if
so
desired.
(The
bottom
view
photograph
blanks
out
a
component
added
for
test
purposes.
It
also
shows
a
tantalum
capacitor
at
C906.
Current
kits
are
shipped
with
a
ceramic
C906.)
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
9
4.2
Component
Installation
The
assembly
instructions
are
almost
identical
for
both
the
K2
and
Universal
board.
Where
appropriate,
gain
programming
resistor
(R907)
and
the
input
3
and
2.3.4.
n
the
top:
remaining
surface
mount
components:
parts
on
the
pads.
After
soldering
one
end
of
each
zero
ohm
jumper
in
place,
check
for
an
inadvertent
the
following
instructions
will
identify
the
differences.
Before
starting
construction,
it
is
necessary
to
select
the
resistor
(R905)
as
described
at
Sections
2.3.
Install
the
surface
mount
parts
o
Install
U901
(AD8007)
Install
C901
0.1
uF
unmarked
Install
C903
0.1
µF,
unmarked
Install
C904
0.22
µF,
unmarked
Install
R901
200
Ω
,
marked
2000
Install
R902
(10
Ω
,
marked
10R0)
Install
R903
1
K
Ω
,
marked
1001
Install
R904
1
K
Ω
,
marked
1001
Install
R906
499
Ω
,
marked
4990
Install
R908
49.9
Ω
,
marked
49R9
Install
C905
0.22
µF
unmarked
Select
R905
following
instructions
at
Sections
2.3.3,
2.3.4;
Install
R905
Select
R907
following
instructions
at
Sections
2.3.3,
2.3.4;
Install
R907
Flip
the
board
upside
down
and
install
the
Install
C902
0.01
µF,
unmarked
Install
C906.
1.0
µF,
unmarked
Install
C907
0.1
µF,
unmarked
Install
C908
0.1
µF,
unmarked
Install
L901
bypass
Zero ohm
jumper
marked
000
Install
L902
bypass
Zero ohm
jumper
marked
000
The
two
zero ohm
jumpers
are
slightly
small
for
the
pad
spacing
but
will
work
if
you
carefully
center
the
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
10
short
to
ground.
Both
ends
of
both
pads
should
be
open
circuit
to
ground
when
measured
with
an
ohmmeter.
Check
again
after
soldering
the
second
end
of
each
zero
ohm
jumper.
Now
install
the
through hole
part:
Install
U902.
This
is
a
78L09
3 terminal
regulator
in
a
TO 92
package.
Note
the
orientation
of
the
device
as
shown
in
the
silk
screen
outline.
You
will
have
to
form
the
leads
to
fit
the
hole.
4.3
Checkout
Before
applying
power,
make
the
following
resistance
checks.
The
data
presented
is
taken
with
a
Fluke
189
digital
multi meter
and
different
meters
may
provide
differing
readings.
However,
any
significant
variance
from
these
values
should
be
investigated
for
potential
problems.
The
negative
meter
lead
should
be
connected
to
a
ground
point
on
the
Buffer
Amplifier
PCB.
The
test
point
(TP)
Key
numbers
are
depicted
in
the
photograph
below.
Measuring
Point
TP
Key
Reading
Comments
J902
(+12
V
input)
1
2.5
K
This
value
may
vary
considerably
from
ohmmeter
to
ohmmeter.
J901
input
pad
2
infinite
Should
be
infinite
to
ground
as
DC
is
blocked
by
C901
J903
output
pad
3
infinite
Should
be
infinite
to
ground
as
DC
is
blocked
by
C905.
U901,
pin
7
(Vcc)
4
2.0
K
Ω
Reading
dominated
by
R903/904
voltage
divider
impedance.
U901,
pin
6
(output)
5
5
M
Ω
Should
be
high
impedance;
hundreds
of
K
Ω
at
least.
U901,
pin
4
(ground)
6
0
Ω
U901,
pin
3
(+
input)
7
5.9
K
Ω
This
value
may
vary
considerably
from
ohmmeter
to
ohmmeter.
U901,
pin
2
(
input)
8
5
M
Ω
Should
be
high
impedance;
hundreds
of
K
Ω
at
least.
If
the
Buffer
Amplifier
meets
these
measurements,
apply
+12
V
DC
to
the
power
input,
with
the
negative
return
to
the
PCB
ground.
Measure
the
input
current.
It
should
be
approximately
20
mA,
and
readings
significantly
over
this
value
should
be
investigated.
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
11
5.
Troubleshooting
The
Buffer
Amplifier
is
a
simple
circuit
and
there
are
only
two
active
devices
to
present
problems;
the
voltage
regulator,
U902
and
the
AD8007
amplifier,
U901.
Faults
in
U902
can
be
easily
located
by
measuring
the
input
and
output
voltage
across
the
regulator.
With
12
V
input,
the
regulator
output
should
be
9
V
±
0.5
V.
If
it
is
above
9
V,
the
78L09
is
likely
defective.
If
it
is
below
9
V,
then
before
determining
that
the
78L09
is
defective,
the
possibility
of
a
short
circuit
or
low
impedance
load
on
the
regulated
output
must
be
first
eliminated.
Faults
in
U901
will
normally
manifest
themselves
as
reduced
gain
or
reduced
signal
level
output
from
the
Buffer
Amplifier.
In
this
case,
where
the
supply
and
regulated
voltages
are
within
range,
it
may
be
best
to
conduct
a
gain
test.
Note:
The
schematic
following
is
of
the
Z10000 K2
version.
All
DC
voltages
are
identical
with
the
U
version,
however.
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
12
5.1
Schematic
with
Nominal
DC
Voltage
Values
and
Normal
Schematic
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
13
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
14
Clifton
Laboratories
Z10000 U
Buffer
Amplifier
Assembly
and
Operation
Page
15
Warranty
This
warranty
is
effective
as
of
the
date
of
first
consumer
purchase.
What
is
covered:
During
the
ninety
(90)
days
after
date
of
purchase,
Clifton
Laboratories
will
correct
any
defects
in
the
Z10000
due
to
defective
parts
or,
if
the
Z10000
was
assembled
by
Clifton
Laboratories,
workmanship,
free
of
charge
(post paid).
You
must
send
the
unit
at
your
expense
to
Clifton
Laboratories,
but
we
will
pay
return
shipping.
Clifton
Laboratories’
warranty
does
not
extend
to
defects
caused
by
your
incorrect
assembly
or
use
of
unauthorized
parts
or
materials
or
construction
practices.
What
is
not
covered:
If
the
Z10000
is
purchased
as
a
kit,
this
warranty
does
not
cover
correction
of
assembly
errors
or
misalignment;
repair
of
damage
caused
by
misuse,
negligence,
or
builder
modifications;
or
any
performance
malfunctions
involving
non Clifton
Laboratories
accessory
equipment
.
The
use
of
acid core
solder,
water soluble
flux
solder,
or
any
corrosive
or
conductive
flux
or
solvent
will
void
this
warranty
in
its
entirety.
Whether
purchased
as
an
assembled
unit
or
as
a
kit,
also
not
covered
is
reimbursement
for
loss
of
use,
inconvenience,
customer
assembly
or
alignment
time,
or
cost
of
unauthorized
service.
Limitation
of
incidental
or
consequential
damages:
This
warranty
does
not
extend
to
non Clifton
Laboratories
equipment
or
components
used
in
conjunction
with
our
products.
Any
such
repair
or
replacement
is
the
responsibility
of
the
customer.
Clifton
Laboratories
will
not
be
liable
for
any
special,
indirect,
incidental
or
consequential
damages,
including
but
not
limited
to
any
loss
of
business
or
profits.
Under
no
circumstances
is
Clifton
Laboratories
liable
for
damage
to
your
amateur
radio
equipment
resulting
from
use
of
the
Z10000,
whether
in
accordance
with
the
instructions
in
this
Manual
or
otherwise.