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T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O N G U I D E
MainStreet Business Access Portfolio
Architecture
The information provided in this section is intended to
provide a functional overview of each product. At the end of
this section, you will find a table summarizing the applications
supported and interfaces available for each product in the
Alcatel MainStreet business access portfolio.
Multiservice Access Platforms (MAPs)
Alcatel 3600 MainStreet Multiservice
Bandwidth Manager
The Alcatel 3600 MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager is
a flexible, scalable and intelligent
networking node that combines the
functions of an integrated voice and
data multiplexer, a frame relay and
X.25 switch, a low capacity ATM
access node, an intelligent channel
bank, and a digital cross-connect switch. The Alcatel 3600
MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager accommodates
network evolution and protects investment by enabling
customers to integrate narrowband legacy services and
broadband or IP-based networks.
The Alcatel 3600 MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager
is ideal for access networks that support multiple TDM and
packet/cell services, including:
>
Packet/cell: ATM, frame relay, voice over frame relay
(VoFR), X.25
>
TDM: leased lines, voice, data, and voice compression
Offering a wide range of advanced business services, the
Alcatel 3600 MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager
is the most successful digital overlay platform ever built,
with over 180,000 nodes installed worldwide, and growing.
The Alcatel 3600 MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager
can be used:
>
To concentrate circuit-switched, packet- and cell-based
voice and data traffic
>
To offer leased line services – from subrate to 2 Mb/s
(
n
*64 kb/s)
>
As an international gateway, providing E1/T1, E3/T3 and
ISDN interfaces with signaling and superate conversion,
line and circuit grooming and voice compression
>
As a low- to medium-capacity 3/0 and 1/0 digital access
and cross-connect system (DACS)
>
As an intelligent channel bank
Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet Multiservice
Bandwidth Manager
The Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet Multiservice
Bandwidth Manager builds on the highly
successful architecture of the Alcatel 3600
MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth
Manager. It provides a scalable option to
meet the increasing demand for multiple
services and higher bandwidth on a single
platform. In addition to offering all of the
capabilities of the Alcatel 3600 MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager, the Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager offers fiber optic and
electrical interfaces at STM-1/OC-3 speeds. It supports a wide
range of circuit- and packet-based voice and data services,
and is fully compatible with the Alcatel 3600 MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager, providing seamless integra-
tion into existing networks and protecting equipment investment.
The Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth
Manager is ideal for access networks that support multiple
services, including packet and TDM with the requirement
for connection to higher speed fiber optic backbones and
metropolitan area networks/wide area networks (MANs/WANs).
MainStreet Business Access Portfolio
> 2 0 A L C AT E L
T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N G U I D E
The Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth
Manager supports a diverse set of access technologies
including:
>
Packet/cell: ATM, frame relay, voice over frame relay
(VoFR), X.25
>
TDM: leased lines, voice, data, and voice compression
>
Synchronous optical network /synchronous digital
hierarchy (SONET/SDH): linear interface (STM-1/OC-3),
1+1 interface (STM-1/OC-3), unidirectional path switched
ring (UPSR) ring mode (STM-1/OC-3)
Alcatel 3600/Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager Enhancements
MainStreet Frame Relay
The Alcatel 3600 MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager
and the Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth
Manager platforms offer extensive frame relay services. With
the simple and cost-effective addition of a frame relay engine
(FRE), packet engine (PE) or frame relay switch with Subrate
Interface Module (FRS/SRIM) card, an Alcatel 3600/Alcatel
3600+ MainStreet node provides comprehensive frame relay
switching capabilities.
MainStreet Frame Relay is a proven service used extensively
in public and enterprise networks throughout the world. It
can be used effectively in large or small networks that deploy
frame relay alone, or in combination with leased line, X.25
and ATM services. Based on a modular architecture, up to
64 FRE and/or PE cards can be connected across the 100 Mb/s
FASTbus to create a high capacity node that is capable of
switching 120,000 fps.
MainStreet Frame Relay services include X.25/frame
relay/ATM network and service interworking capabilities,
subrate frame relay switching, and value-added service
capabilities, such as VoFR with QoS, packet fragmentation
and reassembly, and DLCI multiplexing.
An Alcatel 3600 MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager
or Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager
system that includes frame relay seamlessly interworks with
the Alcatel 7470 MSP and the Alcatel 7670 RSP to provide
an end-to-end frame relay solution — from the customer
premises to the network core. These platforms are fully
managed by the Alcatel 5620 NM allowing service providers
to manage the multiservice environment from a single
platform and console. New facilities can be added in seconds,
rather than weeks, as more subscribers request service.
MainStreet ATM Service
The MainStreet ATM Service cards provide ATM service
adaptation and inverse multiplexing over ATM (IMA) for the
Alcatel 3600/Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth
Managers. Installed in any universal card slot (UCS), the ATM
Service cards adapt the rich variety of Alcatel 3600/Alcatel
3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Managers supported
services to ATM cells for transmission over an ATM network.
The ATM Service cards support AAL1 and AAL5 adaptation.
The circuit emulation service (CES) adapts constant bit rate
(CBR) traffic (n*64 kb/s) to AAL1 virtual circuits (VCs). The
HDLC service adapts HDLC-formatted traffic into AAL5 VCs.
The card has four E1 or T1 interfaces (physical ports). Each
port provides a user network interface (UNI) to an ATM net-
work and can function as an independent network link, or can
be assigned to a logical IMA port for combined transmission.
Extending broadband ATM benefits to the Alcatel 3600/Alcatel
3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Managers, the ATM
Services Card allows corporate networks to exploit rate
differentials that favor ATM. The card's IMA capability is also
a tremendous benefit where WAN connectivity requirements
exceed E1/T1 capacity. The ATM Service card is optimized to
support a single ATM aggregate comprised of one to four
inverse multiplexed E1/T1 links.
MainStreet Business Access Portfolio
T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N G U I D E
A L C AT E L 2 1 >
Installing the ATM Services Card in Alcatel 3600/Alcatel
3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Managers increases
network efficiencies, as operators manage only one logical
“pipe” ranging from 1.5 Mb/s to 8 Mb/s, instead of parallel,
discrete E1/T1 links.
By using the Alcatel 3600/Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Managers as close to the customer
location as possible to adapt established and proven services
to broadband, service providers are able to increase access
to their ATM core infrastructures. The n* E1/T1 aggregate
accommodates an infinite mixture of traffic types, and the
ATM quality of service parameters ensure each traffic type
is given and achieves the required service level.
MainStreet X.25 Service
The Alcatel MainStreet X.25 Service is a high-performance,
feature-rich, standards-compliant X.25 product that is suitable
for public switched data, large service providers, and
corporate data networks. The system architecture enables
advanced protocol encapsulation and conversion features.
These include X.25/FR/ATM network and service inter-
working, all of which are supported on a single platform.
Alcatel MainStreet X.25 Service offers the following
key benefits:
>
Flexibility – the most flexible X.25 product available,
offering seamless interworking with all other standards-
based X.25 products and networks
>
Versatility – supports X.25 and frame relay services
simultaneously and interchangeably on the same card;
ports can be reconfigured through software as service
needs change
>
Simplicity – unsurpassed installation, operation, using
full graphical user interface (GUI)-based network
management and software-driven configuration
>
Scalability – each service — X.25, frame relay, TDM,
integrated services digital network (ISDN), and ATM —
can be individually introduced and scaled to cost-effectively
meet the requirements of many network applications,
reducing initial investment risk while maintaining linear
cost per port as application demands increase
>
Reduced Costs – significant cost savings can be achieved
through consolidation of X.25 and other services on an
integrated and fully managed MainStreet network
Alcatel 36110 MainStreet Multiprotocol Concentrator
and Alcatel 36111 MainStreet High Capacity
Multiprotocol Concentrator
The Alcatel 36110 MainStreet
Multiprotocol Concentrator
(MPC) offers a compre-
hensive suite of features
that allow you to merge the user environment — synchronous
and asynchronous terminals, system network architectures
(SNAs), and local area networks (LANs) — with available high
speed WAN communications services. The Alcatel 36111 High
Capacity Multiprotocol Concentrator (HMPC) allows you to
maintain current legacy applications, while taking advantage of
high capacity network backbones. Both products support a
wide range of protocols, including PAD, X.25 and SNA on the
user side, and X.25 and frame relay in wide area networks (WANs).
Available in four chassis sizes (Alcatel MainStreet 36110 MPC:
up to 8 and 20 ports, and Alcatel MainStreet 36111 HMPC: up
to 24 and 80 ports), they are fully modular, providing flexible,
secure access to your MainStreet network, and enabling you
to take advantage of the availability of high speed connections
offered by today’s telecommunications operators.
The Alcatel 36110 MainStreet MPC and Alcatel 36111 HMPC
also offer advanced routing, including IP and IPX, and ISDN
adaptation. They are managed by the Alcatel 5620 NM,
providing a common platform and interface for network
and service management.
MainStreet Business Access Portfolio
> 2 2 A L C AT E L
T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N G U I D E
Integrated Access Devices (IADs)
Alcatel 3624 MainStreet Intelligent T1 Channel Bank
The Alcatel 3624 MainStreet
Intelligent T1 Channel Bank
(ICB) is a compact,
sophisticated network access
product that provides a cost-effective method of connecting
voice and data devices such as telephones, private branch
exchanges (PBXs), routers, bridges, personal computers
and servers into a multiservice network.
The Alcatel 3624 MainStreet ICB supports any combination of:
>
Voice
>
Analog data from 2-wire and 4-wire modems
>
Digital data
The Alcatel 3624 MainStreet ICB carries voice and data
circuits over T1 transmission lines. It is ideal for customer
premise T1 applications, in either point-to-point configuration
or for access to public networks.
Seamless network management is provided through the
Alcatel family of network management products. With its
flexible interfaces, the Alcatel 3624 MainStreet ICB can mix
voice and data traffic from virtually any combination of analog
or digital devices onto a single T1 aggregate link.
The versatile Alcatel 3624 MainStreet ICB offers many
applications, including:
>
Voice, data, and integrated voice and data networking
>
Point-to-network, point-to-point and feeder applications
>
Fractional T1 applications
>
Superate operation, providing connectivity for video
conferencing, interconnecting LANs over the WAN,
and Internet access
>
Dataphone Digital Service (DDS) and Switched 56 network
access
>
Automatic and manual ringdown, including private line
automatic ringdown (PLAR) to Foreign Exchange Office
(FXO) service conversion
>
Direct inward dialing (DID) access
>
2-wire and 4-wire analog data transmissions by modem
Alcatel 3630 MainStreet Primary Rate Multiplexer
The Alcatel 3630 MainStreet
Primary Rate Multiplexer (PRM)
serves as a customer premises
gateway to multiservice
networks for a wide range of equipment. The Alcatel 3630
MainStreet PRM is a high-performance, compact, intelligent
T1 (1.544 Mb/s) or E1 (2.048 Mb/s) multiplexer, terminating
up to 30 voice or data circuits.
It digitizes analog transmissions and integrates voice and data
circuits for transmission on a primary rate link. The HDSL
module enables E1 transmission rate over the local copper
loop without the need for repeaters or generators. The manual
ring down (MRD) module (North America) or GEN-GEN
module (Europe) supports voice interfaces that are typically
used by financial institutions for dealer room communication
applications.
The Alcatel 3630 MainStreet PRM can be equipped with two
T1 interfaces or two E1 interfaces. The second interface can
be configured to provide protection switching and drop-and-
insert capabilities. It supports the Alcatel 275x MainStreet
IDSL DTUs, which allow for connections to multiple data
devices up to 5.5 km away. The DTUs connect to the Alcatel
3630 MainStreet PRM over a single copper pair, thereby
extending the reach of the Alcatel 3630 MainStreet PRM
for distribution of services.
MainStreet Business Access Portfolio
T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N G U I D E
A L C AT E L 2 3 >
The Alcatel 3630 MainStreet PRM offers many applications,
including:
>
Voice, data, and integrated voice and data networking
>
Point-to-point and drop/insert applications
>
Superrate operation, providing connectivity for video
conferencing, interconnecting LANs over the WAN
>
Leased bandwidth delivery in the local loop
Alcatel 3612 MainStreet Narrowband Multiplexer
Designed to maximize bandwidth
efficiency, the Alcatel 3612
MainStreet Narrowband
Multiplexer (NBM) reduces
networking costs while delivering high-performance services
that are required for today’s business applications. It manages
expensive access link bandwidth through the use of voice
compression, which provides high quality at very low bit rates,
as well as frame relay switching and encapsulation. It also
offers subrate multiplexing features to further improve
bandwidth utilization.
The system can support various combinations of voice and
high/low speed data, including connections from LAN routers
and up to 24 analog or digital connections. Maximum
bandwidth efficiency is realized with dynamic bandwidth
allocation by sharing bandwidth on demand between voice,
fax and data.
Alcatel 3612 MainStreet NBM highlights:
>
Bandwidth savings through efficient multiplexing of voice,
fax and data over leased line, frame relay and ISDN services
from remote locations
>
Highly flexible access feeder to multiservice networks
>
Central hub for smaller star networks or point-to-point
applications
>
Combination of LAN, legacy data (Async, X.25, SNA, etc.)
and voice over frame relay (VoFR) enables substantial
bandwidth savings and performance improvements across
the WAN
>
Use of sophisticated low bit rate voice compression
techniques delivers high-quality voice (and fax)
communications while minimizing use of costly bandwidth
>
Encapsulation into frame relay of PBX CCS signaling
protocols provides significant bandwidth savings and
provides PBX feature transparency
>
Automatic aggregate protection of leased lines over the
switched ISDN network negates the need for expensive,
and often idle, alternate bandwidth for rerouting.
>
Flexible ISDN features allow provision of temporary
switched connections for disaster recovery applications
Network Termination Units (NTUs)
Alcatel 2902 MainStreet Network Termination Unit
The Alcatel 2902 MainStreet
Network Termination Unit
(NTU) delivers managed
bandwidth access of up to 2 Mb/s over existing copper pairs
(HDSL) or E1 facilities. Within a single unit, service providers
can deliver integrated data and digital voice access with a
high degree of flexibility and reliability, while making use of
existing network infrastructure.
The Alcatel 2902 MainStreet NTU can be configured to deliver
n*64 kb/s to 2 Mb/s voice and data services over two regular
twisted copper pairs up to 5 kilometers (3.1 miles), without
requiring repeaters.
The Alcatel 2902 MainStreet NTU allows service providers
to multiplex data, router and LAN hub traffic into a single,
versatile gateway. It provides a flexible, cost-effective way
to integrate digital voice and data traffic from a business site
onto a high speed E1 digital link for customer access to public
or private networks, or for point-to-point operation.
MainStreet Business Access Portfolio
> 2 4 A L C AT E L
T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N G U I D E
Alcatel 2801 MainStreet HDSL Data Termination Unit
The Alcatel 2801 MainStreet
HDSL Data Termination Unit
(DTU) is an industry-leading
access product that is ideal for
providing high speed services from a central site to remote
locations. This product offers secure, high-reliability service
over private or leased lines, making it the choice of many
carriers and enterprise customers worldwide.
The Alcatel 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU provides a simple
and economical vehicle to deliver data services at speeds of
up to 1 Mb/s over a single pair, or up to 2 Mb/s over two pairs
of unconditioned copper wires. Alcatel 2801 MainStreet HDSL
DTU provides numerous advantages, including increased
speed, increased distance without the need for repeaters,
and improved reliability. It is unaffected by bridge taps and
changes in wire gauge. It is fully managed by the industry
leading Alcatel 5620 NM.
The Alcatel 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU is excellent for
applications such as high speed LAN interconnection,
high speed extranet and intranet connections, and server
connections for web hosting.
Alcatel 275x MainStreet IDSL DTUs
The Alcatel 275x MainStreet IDSL
DTUs are used in many applica-
tions that require secure, highly
reliable, low speed data such as
automatic banking machines,
lottery terminals, low speed router traffic, and alarm
monitoring applications. The Alcatel 275x MainStreet IDSL
DTUs are ideal products for extracting maximum performance
from existing installed copper facilities.
Alcatel 275x MainStreet IDSL DTUs offer an attractive
solution for providing services of up to 128 kb/s to remote
sites. They are ideal for providing services from a central site
to remote locations over existing twisted pair copper lines.
These products also provide secure, high reliability service
over private or leased lines with the added reliability of
redundancy for mission-critical applications.
These products are fully managed by the Alcatel 5620 NM,
enabling easy end-to-end path provisioning.
Three types of Alcatel 275x MainStreet IDSL DTUs are
available:
>
Alcatel 2751 MainStreet DTU with TIA/EIA-232 user ports
>
Alcatel 2752 MainStreet DTU with X.21 user ports
>
Alcatel 2753 MainStreet DTU with V.35 user ports
All three Alcatel 275x MainStreet IDSL DTUs share a common
network port and can be mixed and matched on the same 6-
and 12-port line cards. Subrate (<64 kb/s) data is supported
and can be multiplexed onto the same DS0. This multiplexing
of data allows for efficient utilization of bandwidth and real
cost savings. Both the 6- and 12-port line cards can be
installed in the Alcatel 3600/Alcatel 3600+ MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Managers.
Alcatel 2704 MainStreet V.110 DTU
The Alcatel 2704 MainStreet
V.110 DTU is focused specifically
at end user applications requiring
V.110 rate adaptation. It supports a maximum loop of 7.2 km
(4.5 mi.) and offers maximum data port speed of 64 kb/s, and
port density of six circuits per slot.
MainStreet Business Access Portfolio
T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N G U I D E
A L C AT E L 2 5 >
Product category
MAP
IAD
NTU
Products
3600 3600+ 36110 36111 3624
3630
3612
2902
2801
275x
2704
G O V E R N M E N T A P P L I C A T I O N S
Regional government
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lottery
•
•
•
•
Education networks
•
•
•
•
•
Integrated communications solutions
•
•
•
•
•
Multiservice consolidation
•
•
•
•
•
F I N A N C I A L A P P L I C A T I O N S
Financial dealer boards
•
•
•
•
•
X.25
•
•
•
•
Leased line/private line
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Branch office networking
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Voice and data convergence
•
•
•
•
•
•
U T I L I T I E S A P P L I C A T I O N S
Regional government variation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Metro optical
•
•
•
•
•
Surveillance and telemetry
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Linear add/drop networks
•
•
•
•
•
S E R V I C E P R O V I D E R A P P L I C A T I O N S
Private line
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Metro optical
•
Consolidated X.25 networking
•
•
•
•
Mobile aggregation, billing and backbone networks
•
•
Enterprise access services
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Voice and data convergence over frame relay
•
•
•
Flexible SME/MTU access distribution and aggregation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Leased line
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SS7 signaling transport
•
•
Add/drop multiplexing
•
•
•
•
•
Digital access and cross-connect (DACS)
•
•
Business-class xDSL access
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ATM access
•
•
Frame relay switching
•
•
•
Cellular base station aggregation and grooming
•
•
•
Billing (CDR) and OAM message transport
•
•
Voice and data convergence
•
•
•
•
•
•
Voice compression
•
•
•
Managed data services
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Legacy protocol concentration
•
•
Data network consolidation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
G E N E R A L ( M A X I M U M )
# of universal card slots
128
16
# of E1 ports
256
128
2
# of T1 ports
256
128
1
2
# of E3 ports
16
# of T3 ports
8
3
# of circuits
24
30
24
Maximum speed
2048 2048 128
128
Mb/s Mb/s kb/s
kb/s
A G G R E G A T E I N T E R F A C E S
1.544 Mb/s T1 (D4, ESF, 64 kb/s chan.)
•
•
•
•
DS3
•
•
E3
•
2.048 Mb/s E1 (CAS, CCS, 64 kb/s chan.)
•
•
•
•
•
X.21 PRI
•
•
•
V.35 PRI
•
•
•
E1 HDSL
•
•
•
•
S/T BRI
•
•
•
U BRI
•
•
•
X.21
•
•
V.35
•
•
Optical extension E1
•
•
•
•
Table 3: Alcatel MainStreet Business Access Portfolio Applications, Architecture and Interfaces
Product category
MAP
IAD
NTU
Products
3600 3600+ 36110 36111 3624
3630
3612
2902
2801
275x
2704
V O I C E I N T E R F A C E S
T1 (D4 and ESF formats)
•
•
•
•
E1 CAS and CCS, R2D (E&M)
•
•
•
•
•
E&M
•
•
•
•
•
4WTO
•
•
•
2WTO
•
FXS (LGS)
•
•
•
•
•
FXO (LGE)
•
•
•
•
•
MRD
•
•
•
•
•
U BRI
•
•
•
GEN-GEN
•
•
•
•
D A T A I N T E R F A C E S
RS422
•
•
T1A/E1 A-232
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
E1 G.703
•
•
•
•
•
Ethernet 10Base-T
•
2B1Q (for NTU connections)
•
•
•
•
•
•
OCU-DP
•
•
•
•
DSO-DP
•
•
X.21
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
V.35
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Frame relay
•
•
•
•
•
V.24, V.28, T1A/E1A-232-C
•
•
X.21/V.11
•
•
S O N E T / S D H
SONET OC-3
•
SDH STM-1
•
D S P A P P L I C A T I O N S
Voice compression
8 and 16 kb/s HCV compression
•
•
•
8 kb/s A-CELP (ITU-T Rec. G.729)
•
•
•
16 kb/s LD-CELP (ITU-T Rec. G.728)
•
•
•
ADPCM (ITU-T Rec. G.721) 32 kb/s
•
•
•
G3 fax support V.17) over compressed voice (14.4 kb/s max.)
•
•
•
Modem (v.32 bis) tones support over compressed (CELP) voice (14.4 kb/s)
•
•
•
Subrate multiplexing
•
•
•
Switching of compressed voice and data
•
•
Echo cancellation (26 ms, G.165)
•
•
•
Voice conference bridging
•
•
•
Mu/A-law companding conversion
•
•
Multidrop PCM data bridging
•
•
•
•
1.460 (n*8 kb/s transparent) multiplexing
•
•
High capacity multiplexing (HCM)
•
•
•
•
•
•
DDS and X.50 rate adaptation
•
•
•
•
P A C K E T S E R V I C E S
Frame relay switching
•
•
•
•
•
Frame relay access device
•
•
•
Subrate frame relay (DDS, X.50, HCM)
•
•
Transparent HDLC encapsulation
•
•
•
•
•
Voice over frame relay (FRF.11)
•
•
•
QoS (X.146)
•
•
•
Frame relay fragmentation (FRF.12)
•
•
•
DLCI multiplexing (FRF.11)
•
•
•
Frame relay/ATM network interworking (FRF.5)
•
•
Frame relay/ATM service interworking (FRF.8)
•
•
AAL1 and AAL5 adaptation
•
•
Inverse muxing over ATM (IMA)
•
•
X.25/FR network/service interworking
•
•
X.25 SVC and PVC
•
•
•
•
X.75 and X.75’
•
•
Asynchronous PAD (X.3, X.28, X.29)
•
•
Legacy protocols (SNA, SDLC/QLLC, BSC)
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PSTN switched access (X.32 and V.25bis)
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Centralized protocol tracing
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